23 Field Regiment (India)

It consisted of 3rd (Peshawar) F.F., 8th (Lahore), 17th (Nowshera) and 12th (Poonch) mountain batteries and remained in Abbottabad till 1941.

[1][8] The regiment consisting of R.H.Q., 3rd (Peshawar) F.F., 8th (Lahore), 17th (Nowshera) and 2nd Jammu and Kashmir batteries joined 14th Indian Infantry Division, headquartered at Comilla, Chittagong in March 1942.

The division was joined by the 123rd Indian Infantry Brigade in June 1942 and the regiment fell back to its original position focussing on training and exercises to familiarise themselves with the new terrain and jungle warfare.

[1] 3rd battery headquarters with its Punjabi Muslim section was moved from Htizwe on the newly laid track to the Kaladan River.

The battery had to take the difficult decision to destroy their guns and shoot their mules to prevent them falling in enemy hands.

[1] On 4 March 1943, following a Japanese attack at Thaungdara, Lieutenant M Burrows, who was the F. O. O. gallantly launched a counterattack after the infantry officer of 10th Lancashire Fusiliers became a casualty.

On 11 March, the Sikh section of the 3rd battery were in support of 2/1 Punjab and fought with the Japanese in the open, a fight which ended with the Punjabis charging with their bayonets.

The Japanese continued their relentless attacks for three weeks and 8th and 31st batteries fought in support of 55th Indian Infantry Brigade at Kin Chaung, covering Buthidaung.

The regiment had thus fought continuously and well during the First Arakan campaign and provided close and accurate shooting in support of the infantry, without any damage to own troops.

On 22 January 1945, 3rd battery supported 32nd Indian Infantry Brigade in the capture of the important river port of Monywa.

Following the crossing of the division across the Irrawaddy River, 8th and 31st battery saw fierce fighting on the night of 16 February 1945 near Myingyan.

The 8th battery formed the rear guard of the division and moved down the road to Prome, which was captured on 2 May 1945, thus blocking the escape route of the Japanese from Arakan.

The 31st battery joined the force for the capture of Bassein, but found that the Royal Indian Navy had beaten them to it.

[1][9] Following the surrender of the Japanese in Singapore, 20 Division was moved from Burma to French Indochina to maintain law and order.

[1] During the war, the regiment had won the following gallantry awards[1] - Following the partition of the country, 3rd (Peshawar) F.F and 8th (Lahore) moved to join the Pakistan Army.

23 Mountain Composite Regiment (Pack) commanded by Lieutenant Colonel H S Sihota was deployed in Jammu and Kashmir under 15 Corps.

OP Hill was a tactical Border Observation Post in the Bhimber-Gali-Mendhar Sector, 20 km south west of Poonch.

To avoid isolation of Balnoi from Mendhar and Krishna Ghati and to safeguard Mendhar-Baloni and Mendhar-Poonch roads, the capture of OP Hill was of vital importance.

[19] Following a failed battalion level offensive by 2 Garhwal on 6 and 7 October 1965, a full-fledged brigade attack was mounted on 2 November 1965.

[18][21] The regiment won one Vir Chakra, five mentioned in despatches and one Chief of Army Staff Commendation Card.

It joined 20th Mountain Regiment in April 1941 at Quetta and moved to Wana later that year, where it stayed till the end of the war.

[39][40] Among its commanders was Major (later Colonel) Prithipal Singh Gill, who had unique distinction of having served in all three services.

[45] An artillery unit with mountain guns in the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu is likely to have been in existence during as early as 1848 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War.

The Muslim personnel were absorbed by the 26th Jacob's Mountain Battery, which is now part of the 1st (SP) Medium Regiment (Frontier Force) of the Pakistan Army.

[46] The battery saw action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, where it provided effective artillery support to 77 Parachute Brigade during the Zoji La operations.

Peshawar mountain battery in action in Biland Khel, North-West Frontier Province
Battle of Arakan, 1943. 31st (Jammu) Mountain Battery in position in the Langchaung area (from the collections of the Imperial War Museums)
Deployment of troops in the eastern sector during the 1971 war
Italian East Africa, with provinces and provincial capitals, between May 7, 1936 (Annexation of Ethiopia) and August 1940 (when Italy invaded and annexed British Somaliland)
Eritrean Campaign 1941