The membership was set by the 1979 federal election on May 22, 1979, and it was dissolved after the minority government of Joe Clark failed to pass a Motion of Confidence on December 13, 1979.

The 31st Parliament was controlled by a Progressive Conservative Party minority led by Prime Minister Joe Clark and the 21st Canadian Ministry.

The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by former prime minister Pierre Trudeau.

Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons.

Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons