The 38th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1987, to December 31, 1988, during the two years of Evan Mecham's term as Governor of Arizona, and the first year of Rose Mofford's term as governor after Mecham's impeachment.

Both the Senate and the House membership remained constant at 30 and 60, respectively.

The Republicans gained a seat in the Senate, giving them a 19-11 majority, while the Democrats gained to seats in the house, decreasing the Republican majority to 36–24.

The Legislature met for two regular sessions at the State Capitol in Phoenix.

[1]: i [2]: i There were three Special Sessions, the first of which was convened on January 21, 1987, and adjourned on January 25;[1]: 1523  the second convened on June 29, 1987, and adjourned sine die on July 1;[1]: 1595  and the third convened on July 20, 1987, and adjourned sine die on July 22.