40M Turán

Military experts stated that the armour penetration of the 47 mm gun was not better than the homemade 40 mms because the latter had a much higher muzzle velocity.

Spaced armour in the form of side skirts were added in 1944 as protection from anti-tank rifles such as the PTRS-41 and PTRD-41.

The prototype of the heavy tank and the new 75 mm gun was ordered from the Institute of Military Technology of the Hungarian Army (HTI) in 1941.

The engineers chose the 75 mm 41M L/25, based on the 18.M field artillery gun – 8 cm Feldkanone M.18 – which had been in service since World War I.

Both the modifications of the chassis – increasing armor thickness to 50 mm by riveting extra 20 mm armour plates on the frontal armour and lower glacis, changing the driver's hatch from a single door which opened to the right to a two-piece folding door which opened to the front, and the prototype of the new gun and turret were finished in January 1942, with the new turret being finished in February 1942.

The first Turán IIs were not delivered to their units until September–October 1943 because the production of gun optics and ammunition were delayed.

By that time the Turán II became obsolete as well, but it was still lethal to T-34 medium tanks within 500 meters, which was still good progress compared to previous Hungarian armored vehicles.

[9] The only other vehicles known based on this chassis were the Turán III and the Zrínyi I, both of which used the 7.5 cm 43.M tank gun.

The 7.5 cm 43.M tank gun was developed from the blueprints of the PaK 40, converted for Hungarian production.

Turán III or Turán 75 long), or Zrínyi Is were constructed because of the lack of materials and the fact that after the occupation of Hungary in March 1944, Germany did not allow further tank and gun production[citation needed], restricting the Hungarian industry to only spare part manufacturing level.

[10] Turáns were used in fighting on the Eastern Front in Galicia, Transylvania, the Dukla Pass and the Battle of Hungary against the Soviet Union and Romania.

[11] A number of Turán tanks were captured after the 1944 Royal Coup by the Kingdom of Romania, along with some Toldis and a Zrínyi assault gun.

[13] After the fighting in Budapest some of the last Turáns surrendered to Soviet forces alongside the last Zrínyi assault gun on the 21st of March 1945 in Bratislava.

Turán II tanks in Royal Hungarian Army storage facility in Mátyásföld, Budapest, 1943
40M Turán I in Budapest , Hungary, 1943
The only surviving 41M Turán II in Kubinka , near Moscow