469219 Kamoʻoalewa (/kəˌmoʊʔoʊəˈlɛvə/),[6] provisionally designated 2016 HO3, is a very small elongated asteroid, fast rotator and near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 40–100 meters (130–330 feet) in diameter.
[1][4] It was named in 2019 Ka moʻo a lewa, from the Hawaiian chant Kumulipo for an oscillating celestial object by A Hua He Ino at the ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawai’i.
[26] Although it is too distant to be considered a true natural satellite of Earth, it is the best and most stable example to date of a near-Earth companion, or quasi-satellite.
[19][18][25] Paul Chodas, manager of NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California described the orbit of 2016 HO3 as a quasi-satellite of Earth.
Unlike asteroid 2003 YN107, which previously followed a similar orbit, 2016 HO3 is more stable and has been Earth's companion for more than a century and will remain so for much longer.
Its orbit experiences slight drifts that Earth's gravity corrects, keeping it between 38 and 100 times the distance of the Moon.
[4] Based on an assumed standard albedo for stony S-type asteroids of 0.20, its absolute magnitude of 24.3 corresponds to a 41 meters (135 ft) diameter.
[16] Lunar ejecta modeling shows some avenues that can achieve a stable QS 469219 Kamo’oalewa-style orbit.
[30] During the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference held in Stevenson in the U.S. state of Washington, a team composed of graduate research assistants from the University of Colorado Boulder and the São Paulo State University (UNESP) was awarded for presenting a project denominated "Near-Earth Asteroid Characterization and Observation (NEACO) Mission to Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3", providing the first baselines for the investigation of this celestial object using a spacecraft.
[7] The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is planning a robotic mission that would return samples from Kamoʻoalewa.