The group was equipped with P-40's Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft in Australia and after a brief period of training, provided air defense for the Northern Territory.

[3] The 49th Fighter Group was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for engaging the enemy in frequent and intense aerial combat while operating with limited material and facilities between March and August 1942.

They engaged primarily in air defense of Port Moresby and also escorted bombers and transports, and attacked enemy installations, supply lines, and troop concentrations in support of Allied ground forces.

They participated in the Allied offensive that pushed the Japanese back along the Buna trail and took part in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943.

They fought for control of the approaches to Huon Gulf, and supported ground forces during the campaign in which the Allies eventually recovered New Guinea.

The twin-engined, multi-role P-38s were able to fly long-range escort and attack missions to Mindanao, Halmahera, Ceram, and Borneo, The 49th Fighter Group arrived in the Philippines in October 1944, shortly after the assault landings during the Battle of Leyte.

Richard Bong was the top ace of World War II, was awarded the Medal of Honor for combat in October and November 1944.

He flew a P-40 Warhawk nicknamed the "Kansas City Kitty" and was awarded the Silver Star, and the Distinguished Flying Cross four separate times in recognition of his bravery and skill.