The Forty-Ninth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 13, 1909, to June 18, 1909, in regular session.

[1] During this term, legislative business was largely held in the north wing of the Wisconsin State Capitol, which was the only part of the capitol to remain intact after the 1904 fire.

[2] Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 6, 1906.

[1] The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican James O. Davidson, of Crawford County, serving his second full two-year term, having won re-election in the 1908 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.