4K resolution

In television and consumer media, 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD) with a 16:9 aspect ratio is the dominant 4K standard, whereas the movie projection industry uses 4096 × 2160 (DCI 4K).

[4]: 2 [13]: 109 In 2007, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers published SMPTE ST 2036-1, which defines parameters for two UHDTV systems called UHDTV1 and UHDTV2.

Most of the new M+ technology was employed on 4K TV sets which led to a controversy after tests showed that the addition of a white sub pixel replacing the traditional RGB structure would reduce the resolution by around 25%.

[30][31] Although LG Display has developed this technology for use in notebook display, outdoor and smartphones, it is more popular in the TV market due to the supposed 4K UHD marketed resolution but still being incapable of achieving true 4K UHD resolution as defined by the CTA as 3840x2160 active pixels with 8-bit per color.

[42] On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian serial entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North America.

[52] On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee announced new proposals of a new standard called ATSC 3.0 which would implement UHD broadcasts at resolutions of up to 3840 × 2160 or 7680 × 4320.

[53][54][55][56] The standard would also include framerates of up to 120 Hz, HEVC encoding, wide color gamut, as well as high dynamic range.

These standards use resolutions of 3840 × 2160 and 7680 × 4320 respectively, with framerates of up to 60 Hz, color depth up to 10 bpc (30 bit/px), and HEVC encoding for transmission.

UHD-1 Phase 2 adds features such as high dynamic range (using HLG and PQ at 10 or 12 bits), wide color gamut (BT.

In the year 2014, the OnePlus One was released with the option to record DCI 4K (4096 × 2160) at 24 frames per second, as well as LG G3 and Samsung Galaxy Note 4 with optical image stabilization.

Even for movies and TV shows shot using 6K or 8K cameras, almost all finished films are edited in HD resolution and enlarged to fit a 4K format.

[83] Sony is one of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013[update] offering a little over 70 movie and television titles via digital download to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video.

[84] In 2014, Netflix began streaming House of Cards, Breaking Bad,[85] and "some nature documentaries" at 4K to compatible televisions with an HEVC decoder.

[94] Though the price of the viewing devices began to drop rapidly from 2013, the home cinema digital video projector market saw little expansion as very few manufacturers had full 4K-capable lineups.

Native 4K projectors were quoted in five figures well into 2015 before finally dropping below US$10,000, with Sony being the only major maker marketing a comprehensive 4K projection solution as of 2015.

[citation needed] Projection home cinemas on the other hand use much larger screen sizes without necessarily increasing viewing distance to scale.

4K UHD or 1080p pixel shifting cannot reveal the fine detail of a true 4K projector such as those Sony ships in the business, education, and home markets.

This is in stark contrast to the small variation in the aspect ratio difference, which would be capable of being noticeable in a few companies, such as Kaleidescape, offering media servers that enable 4K UHD Blu-ray movies with a wide dynamic range in a home theater.

BT envisioned that if viewers wanted to watch studio analysis, they would switch to the HD broadcast and then back for the game.

[103][104] In late 2015 and January 2016, three of Canada's television providers – including Quebec-based Vidéotron, Ontario-based Rogers Cable, and Bell Fibe TV, announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-top boxes that can stream 4K content to subscribers over gigabit internet service.

[105][106] On October 5, 2015, alongside the announcement of its 4K set-top box and gigabit internet, Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Communications announced that it planned to produce 101 sports telecasts in 4K in 2016 via its Sportsnet division, including all Toronto Blue Jays home games, and "marquee" National Hockey League games beginning in January 2016.

[111] Dome Productions, a joint venture of Bell Media and Rogers Media (the respective owners of TSN and Sportsnet), constructed a "side-by-side" 4K mobile production unit shared by Sportsnet and TSN's first 4K telecasts; it was designed to operate alongside a separate HD truck and utilize cameras capable of output in both formats.

[112] For the opening game of the 2016 Toronto Blue Jays season, Dome constructed "Trillium" – a production truck integrating both 4K and 1080i high-definition units.

[114] In February 2016, Spanish-language Univision trialed 4K by producing a closed-circuit TV broadcast of a football friendly between the national teams of Mexico and Senegal from Miami (America) in the format.

[115][116][117] In March 2016, DirecTV and CBS Sports announced that they would produce the "Amen Corner" supplemental coverage from the Masters golf tournament in 4K.

[6] The DCI specification allows several different resolutions for the content inside the container, depending on the desired aspect ratio.

Digital movies made in 4K may be produced, scanned, or stored in a number of other resolutions depending on what storage aspect ratio is used.

[135] Various other non-standardized 4K resolutions have been used in displays, including: The main advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine spatial detail is resolved well.

[148] Some cinematographers record at 4K with the Super 35 film format to offset any resolution loss that may occur during video processing.

This higher bit rate reduces the visibility of compression artifacts, even if viewed on monitors with a lower resolution than 2160p.