During the Cold War, the regiment was equipped with MIM-23 Hawk air defence missile systems and formed, together with the 5th Anti-aircraft Missile Artillery Regiment, the air defence belt of the Italian Army in the country's Northeast.

In September 1935, the regiment was mobilized for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War deployed to the city of Marsala in Sicily.

The regiment's depot in Mantua formed the XI Group, which was deployed to Rome for the defence of the capital.

On 10 June 1940, the day Italy entered the war, the regiment was assigned to the Artillery Command of the 1st Army.

On 28 June, the XVII and XXII groups were sent to Italian Libya for the Western Desert campaign.

The two groups had been deployed with the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia to the Soviet Union in July 1941.

For its conduct in the Soviet Union, the grouping was awarded a Bronze Medal of Military Valor, which today is affixed to the flag of the 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment "Peschiera" and depicted on its coat of arms.

[4][7] The regiment and its depot were disbanded by invading German forces after the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943.

On 1 December 1948, the regiment began with the formation of a group with 40/56 autocannons for the Armored Brigade "Ariete".

At the end of the year, the regiment consisted of the following units:[7][8] In January 1960, the V Light Anti-aircraft Group was disbanded.

[9] The regiment's new organization was now as follows: While the 5th Anti-aircraft Missile Artillery Regiment was the Italian Army's forward deployed air defence unit, which covered the area of operation of the 5th Army Corps, the 4th Anti-aircraft Missile Artillery Regiment covered the 5th Army Corps rear, through which supplies and reinforcements would be moved towards the Eastern Italian border.

The same day, the 2nd Anti-aircraft Artillery Regiment was reformed in Ravenna by reorganizing the 1st Missile Group.

[7] On 1 October 1997 the regiment was awarded the honorary title "Peschiera" to commemorate the city of its founding.