The 586th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Russian: 586-й истребительный авиационный полк, romanized: 586-y istrebitel'nyy aviatsionnyy polk) was one of the three Soviet women's aviation regiments founded by Marina Raskova at the start of the Second World War after she convinced Joseph Stalin to allow her to form three all-female aviation regiments.

Sorties were conducted to patrol over military installations and carry out defensive missions.

The regiment yielded two female flying aces, Lydia Litvyak and Yekaterina Budanova, who were posthumously awarded the titles Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of the Russian Federation respectively.

[1][2][3] Twenty-five women who had joined the regiment graduated from Yak-1 flight courses on 9 December 1941.

[4][5] In total the unit executed 2,073 combat sorties, fought directly in 125 air battles, and shot down 19 enemy aircraft.