The 71st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

The 71st Illinois Infantry was organized at Camp Douglas at Chicago, Illinois and mustered into Federal service on July 26, 1862, for a term of three months.

Company K unanimously elected James Creed as captain, which was responsible for protecting two bridges along the Big Muddy river in southern Illinois from Confederate sympathizers.

The regiment suffered 23 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 23 fatalities.

This article about a specific military unit of the American Civil War is a stub.