After V-E Day, the squadron served in Air Transport Command, ferrying men from the combat theater back to the United States.

It flew strategic bombardment combat missions over France, Germany, Italy, Austria and the Balkans, attacking targets such as marshalling yards, docks, aircraft factories and oil production facilities.

It attacked troop concentrations in May 1944 to assist partisan forces in Yugoslavia and performed interdiction missions to support the advance on Rome.

Prior to Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France, it attacked bridges, railroads and gun emplacements near the landing area.

Although construction at Toul had progressed, it could only accommodate a single flying squadron,[5] and the 781st located at Wiesbaden Air Base, Germany.

[1] Strategic Air Command (SAC) had established the 4137th Strategic Wing at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia[8] as part of SAC's plan to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress heavy bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike.

[9] In 1962, in order to perpetuate the lineage of many currently inactive bombardment units with illustrious World War II records, Headquarters SAC received authority from Headquarters USAF to discontinue its Major Command controlled (MAJCON) strategic wings that were equipped with combat aircraft and to activate Air Force controlled (AFCON) units, which could carry on a lineage and history.

[g] The squadron maintained half of its aircraft on fifteen minute nuclear alert[10] and periodically flew Operation Chrome Dome missions.

The squadron deployed aircraft and crews to Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War for Operation Arc Light.