The 83rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1953, until January 3, 1955, during the last two weeks of the Truman administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Dwight Eisenhower's presidency.

At the start of the second session, to account for whenever the Senate became tied 47-47-1 or when the Democrats held the plurality the Republican-turned-Independent, Wayne Morse, caucused with the GOP which gave them a tie-breaking majority, allowing continuity in GOP control of the Senate and the overall trifecta of government.

Wayne Morse would begin caucusing with Democrats at the start of the next Congress in 1955 to give them Senate control.

Republican majority in the House becomes a plurality after the end of the last Congressional session.

Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.