Until 1939, it was garrisoned in Kraków, and its traditions dated back to 1784, when a cavalry regiment of Prince Józef Poniatowski was formed in Lwow.
It took part in the Kiev offensive (1920), and then fought against 1st Cavalry Army (Soviet Union), commanded by Semyon Budyonny.
During the 1923 Kraków riot, its soldiers under Rotmistrz Lucjan Bochenek charged on the crowd of protesting workers.
Commanded by Colonel Wlodzimierz Dunin-Zuchowski, it was on September 3, 1939, sent to the area of Szczekociny, where it was mauled by the armoured Wehrmacht divisions.
Most of the regiment was destroyed during the campaign, only some of its elements managed to cross the Hungarian border in the second half of September 1939.