During the first session (2023), the body passed a number of major reforms to Minnesota law, including requiring paid leave, banning noncompete agreements, cannabis legalization, increased spending on infrastructure and environmental protection, modernizing the state's tax code, codifying abortion rights, universal free school meals, and universal gun background checks, among others.

[1][2] At the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce's session priorities gathering in St. Paul in early 2024, the state's four legislative leaders expressed opposition to changing the law to allow strong beer in grocery stores and a constitutional amendment for a full-time Legislature.

[6] There was legislative success in refining the state's newly legalized adult-use cannabis market to streamline the licensing process and to provide clarity to businesses regarding employee drug testing.

[7][8] Other significant changes made involved the role and responsibilities of school resource officers, banning shadow noncompetes, establishing unemployment benefits for striking workers, and requiring companies to post salary ranges for jobs.

[125] The reforms also provided for free breakfast and lunch for all students[126] and mandates the provision of menstrual products and Naloxone in schools.

Components of the bill included rebate checks for 2.5 million Minnesotans,[130] designed to return a portion of the surplus to taxpayers, but less than initially proposed by Governor Tim Walz.

[132] Additionally, the bill made strides towards progressive taxation by eliminating state income tax on Social Security for over 75% of recipients.

[143] Aimed at combating worker misclassification, legislation now defines independent contractor qualifications and increases penalties for fraud.

[145][146] Regarding public safety, the legislature allowed limited use of prone restraints in schools and increasing penalties for gun straw purchases.

[157][158] Broadband development legislation prioritized grant applications from organizations adhering to specific labor rules, though it faced opposition from the Minnesota Cable Communications Association.

[165] Lastly, legislation regulated and banned many so-called junk fees, requiring businesses to disclose the full price of products or services upfront.

[15] Sports betting legislation was not finalized before the deadline,[167] nor was a measure to allow strong beer sales in grocery stores.

[168] Additional measures that did not pass include: requiring cities to allow duplexes and triplexes in single-family zones;[169] preventing landlords from rejecting tenants based on government rent vouchers;[170][171] making Metropolitan Council members elected instead of appointed;[172] local ranked choice voting expansion;[173][174] establishing a statewide $15 minimum wage;[175] and, allowing physician-assisted suicide in certain cases.

3 members reported multiracial identities: Lisa Demuth (R) was born to a White mother and African American father; Aisha Gomez (DFL) describes herself as "a mixed-heritage Latina, Arab and Jewish woman", and Alicia Kozlowski (DFL) was raised by their Ojibwe mother and Mexican father.