95th Aero Squadron

It was the first American pursuit (fighter) squadron to fly in combat on the Western Front, beginning on 8 March 1918.

[8] In combat, squadron members shot down 35 enemy aircraft and 12 observation balloons and had 6 Air Aces.

The men of the 95th were tasked in erecting tents, hangars and helping to build the base for future squadrons to come.

The squadron did not have any planes to fly or maintain so it was immediately put to work on construction tasks.

However, on 8 March the 95th was reminded there was a war, when its commanding officer, Captain Miller, was shot down on his first flight behind the German lines.

[3] At Toul, active combat patrols and alerts immediately commenced, over the sector from Saint-Mihiel to Pont a Mousson.

15 May was the first really busy day for the 95th, as it flew 23 sorties to escort pilots of the 1st Aero Squadron on a photographic and observation mission.

On the 17th, the squadron lost its second pilot when Lt. Blodgett, returning from an escort patrol with the 1st had an engine failure and crashed into the ground a few miles from the field.

Earlier in the day, Lt Wooley was attacked by an enemy aircraft in the region of Fimery, however, he escaped without injury.

On 30 May, the squadron lost its 3d pilot when Lieutenant Casgrais was shot down over enemy territory, however, he was later reported to be a prisoner.

On 5 July, air combat began again after a few weeks of respite, with large numbers of sorties flown, and losses of men and aircraft resulted.

[3] Lieutenant Roosevelt shot down his first plane on 10 July, and he reported that after he crossed the line east of Château-Thierry, he saw a patrol of three enemy aircraft flying to the northwest.

Several days later, a German plane flew over the lines and dropped a note saying that he was killed in action and was buried with full military honors at Chambray.

[3] On the 15th, the full Allied offensive in the Château-Thierry Sector began, with operations ongoing from dawn until nightfall.

[3] The American Saint-Mihiel Offensive began on 12 September after an intense artillery barrage, and the 95th was ordered to conduct close air support for the infantry and machine-gun enemy infantry on the ground; protect observation aircraft and take the offensive to enemy pursuit planes spotted in the sector.

[3] However, on account of weather conditions, flights were limited to about 200 meters in altitude, with patrols primarily supporting the infantry advance and to attack enemy convoys and troop concentrations in its rear areas.

[3] On the night of 25 September, the heaviest American artillery barrage of the war was laid down on the enemy front with the beginning of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.

Operations orders received stated that all available aircraft would leave the ground before dawn to attack and destroy all enemy observation balloons.

Unfavorable weather caused the squadron to be grounded on the morning of 11 November and all combat operations ceased at 11:00.

On 11 December 1918 orders were received from First Army for the squadron to report to the 1st Air Depot, Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome to turn in all of its supplies and equipment and was relieved from duty with the AEF.

[10] Personnel at Colombey were subsequently assigned to the commanding general, services of supply, and ordered to report to one of several staging camps in France.

There, personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the Base Ports in France for transport to the United States and subsequent demobilization.

It proceeded to Camp Mills, Long Island, on 1 March where the personnel of the squadron were demobilized and returned to civilian life.

95th Squadron Nieuport 28s at Croix de Metz Aerodrome, June 1918
"Kicking Mule" on the fuselage of squadron Nieuport 28s
1st Lieutenant Quentin Roosevelt in a Nieuport 27 trainer
Page from album showing photographs of Quentin Roosevelt with his dog and a poem about his death; a French plaque in memory of him and his grave in France
95th Aero Squadron – SPAD XIII