Non-State Allies: The National Liberation Action (Ação Libertadora Nacional, ALN) was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in Brazil that opposed the Brazilian military dictatorship.

[1] During its active years, the ALN was responsible for several notable acts, including bank robberies to finance guerilla warfare, the 1969 kidnapping of the United States Ambassador to Brazil, and taking other public figures hostage to be exchanged for jailed militants.

[2] In May of that same year, Carlos Marighella was shot and arrested by agents of the Department of Political and Social Order (DOPS) inside a movie theater in Rio de Janeiro.

[3] In his journal called The Brazilian Crisis, Marighella analyzes the national situation through the lens of class conflict and criticizes the peaceful party line of PCB, which at the time supported resistance by means of a general strike.

The first one, in conjunction with the MR-8, was of the American ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick, in September 1969, which resulted in the liberation of 15 political prisoners and attracted significant media attention to the group.

[8] Marighella was shot down in an ambush led by coroner Sérgio Paranhos Fleury, one of the main torturers of the dictatorship, on the 4th of November 1969, in the Casa Branca avenue in São Paulo.

[10] Joaquim Câmara Ferreira ("Old man" or "Toledo"), a journalist and ex-member of the PCB since the 1940s, led the ALN from then until his death, on 23 October 1970, when he was reported by José Silva Tavares, "Severino", who was tortured after being arrested.