Sir Arthur Elijah Trueman KBE FRS FRSE FGS (26 April 1894 – 5 January 1956) was a British geologist.
He entered University College Nottingham in 1912 with a grant as a teacher in training, and studied Geology under H. H. Swinnerton, graduating B.Sc.
Trueman's first academic post was as Assistant Lecturer at University College, Cardiff, from late 1917 until 1920.
In 1933, he was appointed Channing Wills Professor of Geology at the University of Bristol, where he also served as Dean of the Faculty of Science for three years.
In 1937, he was appointed chair of geology at the University of Glasgow until 1946, when he was succeeded by his student Neville George.