In addition to its regular subscription series of symphonic concerts, the orchestra also serves as an opera and ballet orchestra for performances with the Royal Danish Theatre and the Danish National Opera.
Jens Schrøder founded the Aalborg Symphony Orchestra in 1943 and served as its first chief conductor until 1979.
Subsequent chief conductors have been Janos Fürst (1980-1983), Peter Erös (1983-1989), Owain Arwel Hughes (1995-1999), Moshe Atzmon (1999-2002), Matthias Aeschbacher (2005-2011) Rumon Gamba (2011-2015), and since 2023, Joshua Weilerstein.
Michael Schønwandt has had a long association with the orchestra and is currently its conductor emeritus.
The orchestra is the organiser of The Lauritz Melchior International Singing Competition and a co-organizer of the Aalborg Opera Festival.