The school is situated in the neighborhood Midtbyen, in the Latin Quarter, bounded by the streets Mejlgade, Kystvejen and Skolegyde.

The school is an independent self-owning institution financed by the Danish state with about 800 students divided across 30 classes.

During the reformation the school was confiscated by the Crown and from 1 January 1986 ownership was transferred to Aarhus County.

Aarhus Katedralskole contains 4 listed buildings in total; the rector house in Mejlgade no.

The white building from 1763 by Christian Jensen Mørup was originally designed in a classicist style but was later extensively remodeled in a Neoclassical appearance.