Abd Allah ibn Amir
He served as the governor of Basra from 647 to 656 AD, during the reign of Rashidun Caliph Uthman ibn Affan.
He was renowned for his administrative and military prowess, particularly for his successful campaigns of reconquest and pacification in the former territories of the Sasanian Empire (present-day Iran and Afghanistan).
Khuzestan Central Persia Caucasus Pars Khorasan Other geographies Ibn Amir's expeditions were particularly aimed at quelling revolts in former Persian territories.
After crossing the Dasht-i Lut desert, Mujashi ibn Mas'ud reached Sakastan but whilst there, he suffered a heavy defeat and was forced to retreat.
This horrified Aparviz, who, in order to spare the inhabitants of Sakastan from the Arabs, made peace with them in return for a heavy tribute of 1 million dirhams, including 1,000 slave boys (or girls) bearing 1,000 golden vessels.
In the wake of the rebellions Uthman commanded Abd Allah to subjugate the rebellious territories and continue the conquest of the remnants of the Sasanian empire.
The mission described Makran as inhospitable, and Caliph Uthman, probably assuming the country beyond was much worse, forbade any further incursions into India.
[10][11] The Rashidun caliphate sent two contingents tasked with conquering the Sasanian province of Kerman, headed by Ibn Amir and Suhail, who reached Tabasayn.
Ibr Amir and Suhail quickly met opposition, with fighting against the Koch and Baloch, resulting in the death of the governor of Kerman.
While Ibn Amir was involved in further conquests to the east, Basra gradually also started to lose her characteristic as a frontier garrison.
[12] Uthman was aiming to solve tensions in the newly conquered Iraq caused by the sudden influx of Arab tribesmen into garrison towns such as Kufa and Basra.
[13][14] Ibn Amir reformed Basra in many ways, including the construction of a new irrigation canal and fixing the water supply infrastructure for the use of Hajj pilgrims passing through the area.
Khorasan, a province of the Sasanian Empire, was conquered during the reign of Caliph Umar, by troops under the command of Ahnaf ibn Qais.
After Caliph Umar's death, Khorasan was the subject of a series of revolts under Sasanian King Yazdegerd III.
However, a second uprising broke out again in Khorasan in the wake of the first Muslim civil war when Muawiya was appointed as Caliph replacing Ali.
Details of these campaigns are little known but a greater part of southern Transoxiana submitted to the suzerainty of the Rashidun Caliphate.
[4] After the successful completion of his campaigns, Abd Allah ibn Amir donned the Ahram in Nishapur, and made a pilgrimage to Mecca to perform the Hajj and offer thanks to God.
To avoid another civil war, Hassan ibn Ali resigned in the favor of Muawiyah six months later.
His successor al-Harith ibn Abd Allah al-Azdi failed to maintain public order.
When Ziyad ibn Abihi arrived in 665 as governor, he recruited private watchmen who were hired by wealthy people fearing the level of crime in the city.
Ziyad then established the "al-Shurta" which consisted of four thousand infantry and cavalry, imposed curfews and put in place draconian laws such as beheading anyone on the streets after the time of evening prayers.
