Abercwmboi is a village in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales.

It is the most south-easterly named settlement that, for postal reasons, is included in the town of Aberdare.

The remains of the original Cap Coch Inn, can be found on the mountainside, above the village.

Abercwmboi and the closure of its Phurnacite factory feature in the book Among Others by Jo Walton.

Remains of the Abercwmboi colliery can still be seen on the mountainside above Bronallt Terrace and close to 'Peggy Pit's' house.

The mothers of the village fought long and hard, and travelled to the Welsh Office in Cardiff, to have the school rebuilt, and for the area to be made safe.

Abercwmboi was also called 'Little Moscow' by many local people in the valleys during the 1920s miners' strike.

There was fighting and unrest, and both the police and army were called in to control the miners in Abercwmboi.

[2] Several people from the village were members of Côr Mawr, a large choir conducted by 'Caradog' whose statue is in Aberdare town centre.