The Brigades of the Martyr Abu Ali Mustafa (Arabic: كتائب الشهيد أبو علي مصطفى, romanized: Katāʾib ash-Shahīd Abū ʿAlī Muṣṭafā) are the armed wing of the Marxist–Leninist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in the Palestinian territories (the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem).

Originally named the Red Eagle Brigade (Arabic: كتائب النسر الأحمر, romanized: Katā’ib al-Nasr al-Aḥmar), they were renamed in 2001 after Abu Ali Mustafa, PFLP's leader, who was killed by Israel in August 2001.

The Samoud-1 (literally "resilience") is a relatively short range (8–12 km) rocket domestically produced by Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades in the Gaza Strip.

In an interview given to the Los Angeles Times Abu Jamal, the spokesman of the brigades made the following statement: The advantage of the mortar is that the enemy can never protect himself from it.

This relationship probably began around 2013, and although the actual extent of this support is unclear, the PFLP and Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades have repeatedly declared themselves allies of Iran, Syria and the Axis of Resistance.