Acacia aneura, commonly known as mulga,[3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland Australia.

[3] Aboriginal peoples of the Coober Pedy area in South Australia refer to mulga trees as Umoona, which means "long life".

Bentham's description was published in Linnaea: Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde.

[10] In South Australia, mulga occurs in scattered population in the north-west of that state[11] and in Queensland it is found in the south-west, but also extend northwards through the Mitchell Grass Downs bioregion and west into the Channel Country.

The dominant species in these woodlands is mulga, with poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea) forming an increasingly important codominant in the eastern districts.

[15][16] The extent of ground cover in mulga woodlands varies with canopy density of the overstorey, becoming almost nonexistent in extremely dense stands.

Many plants produce hard, woody fruits or seeds, which can not only survive intense heat, but also may require the stimulus of fire to scarify and promote germination.

Despite containing considerable amounts of indigestible tannins, mulga leaves are a valuable fodder source, particularly in times of drought, as they are palatable to stock and provide up to 12% crude protein.

[21] Mulga is a vital tree to Aboriginal Australians in central and Western Australia; the wood is a good hardwood for making various implements, such as digging sticks, woomeras, shields and wooden bowls.