The Royal Academy of Turku or the Royal Academy of Åbo (Swedish: Kungliga Akademien i Åbo or Åbo Kungliga Akademi; Latin: Regia Academia Aboensis; Finnish: Turun akatemia) was the first university in Finland, and the only Finnish university that was founded when the country still was a part of Sweden.

In 1809, after Finland became a grand duchy within the Russian Empire, it was renamed the Imperial Academy of Turku.

In 1828, after the Great Fire of Turku, the institution was moved to Helsinki, in line with the relocation of the capital of the grand duchy.

It was finally renamed the University of Helsinki when Finland declared independence in 1917.

As a result of the Great Fire of Turku of 1827, which devastated most of the city and also badly damaged the university, the government offices that had remained were finally moved to the new capital, and so also was the university.