Located in the eastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: Two incorporated villages are located in Adams Township: part of Bradford in the east, and Gettysburg in the south.

[4] This township was named for Major Adams, an early settler.

[6] A historic site in Adams Township is Bear's Mill.

Located along Greenville Creek in southwestern Adams Township,[7] it is a working gristmill that was built in the 1840s.

[8] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.