The township was named after pioneering settler Henry Adams.

Salmon Sharp served as the first township supervisor and first postmaster when the Adams post office opened on May 4, 1837.

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 2,498 people, 941 households, and 706 families residing in the township.

19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Adams Township is served by four separate public school districts.

The majority of the township is served by North Adams-Jerome Schools.