Located in the northeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: Part of the village of Green Springs is located in northern Adams Township.

[4] It was named for John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States.

[5] It is one of ten Adams Townships statewide.

[6] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[7] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.