The Vilayet of Adana[3] (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت اطنه, Vilâyet-i Adana;[4]) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in the south-east of Asia Minor, which encompassed the region of Cilicia.

At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 14,494 square miles (37,540 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 402,439.

[6] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.

[6] It was described by the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica as rich in unexploited mineral wealth in the mountainous districts, and fertile in the coast-plain, which produced cotton, rice, cereals, sugar and fruit.

The Cilicia region was noted for its agricultural production, including wheat, barley, oats, rice, seeds, opium, sugarcane and cotton.