Adolfas Šapoka (13 February 1906 – 9 March 1961) was a prominent Lithuanian medieval historian.

Šapoka contributed to the development of the Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija as well as medieval historiography in interwar Lithuania.

Šapoka's most widely known contribution is "Lietuvos istorija", a study of Lithuania's history from the Baltic Tribes period up to his present-day.

In 1933 he traveled to Stockholm and attended special courses for foreign historians, as well as collected documents from archives.

Šapoka also edited a publication on Jogaila, and also published articles in the newspapers Praeitis, Senovė, Vairas, and Židinys.

His habilitation thesis on the Treaty of Kėdainiai and Swedes in Lithuania in 1655–1656 made Šapoka a docent.

From 1940 to 1941 he participated in the editing of the Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija and lectured on history in the Kaunas higher technic school.

"Lietuvos istorija" was a successful and prominent contemporary publication with record-hitting sales, being used as a study guide for future academics.