Sir Joseph-Philippe-René-Adolphe Caron, PC KCMG (24 December 1843 – 20 April 1908) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

He is now best remembered as the Minister of Militia and Defence in the government of Sir John A. Macdonald and his role during the North-West Rebellion of 1885.

He was born in Quebec City in 1843, the son of René-Édouard Caron, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec and McGill College.

He was called to the bar in 1865 and entered practice with a law firm in Quebec City, later becoming a partner.

A Conservative party member, Caron was elected six times to the House of Commons of Canada, first winning election in a by-election in 1873, where he won a seat as a Member of Parliament representing the electoral district of Quebec County.