Adriano in Siria is an opera by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi setting Metastasio's libretto of the same name.

Pergolesi also provided a comic intermezzo La contadina astuta, later better known as Livietta e Tracollo, to a libretto by Tommaso Mariani.

The score is dedicated to the new monarch, but was written expressly to mark the 42nd birthday of the Queen of Spain, Elisabetta Farnese.

He made many changes to Metastasio's original text, largely for the famous mezzo-soprano castrato, Gaetano Majorano, known as Caffarelli.

Eventually no more than 10 arias were left to be set among the 27 originally written by Metastasio, the rest having been widely replaced by different texts.

[3] In Antioch, in ancient Syria, a celebration is held for the victorious Roman emperor, Adriano, who has defeated the Parthians.

To make matters more complicated, Aquilio, Adriano's confidant, secretly loves Sabina.