Tasks can include gathering, indexing, filtering, retrieving and ranking information from such a data source.
Adversarial IR includes the study of methods to detect, isolate, and defeat such manipulation.
On the Web, the predominant form of such manipulation is search engine spamming (also known as spamdexing), which involves employing various techniques to disrupt the activity of web search engines, usually for financial gain.
Reverse engineering of ranking algorithms, click fraud,[1] and web content filtering may also be considered forms of adversarial data manipulation.
[2] Topics related to Web spam (spamdexing): Other topics: The term "adversarial information retrieval" was first coined in 2000 by Andrei Broder (then Chief Scientist at Alta Vista) during the Web plenary session at the TREC-9 conference.