African Renaissance

[3]In April 1997, Mbeki articulated the elements that comprise the African Renaissance: social cohesion, democracy, economic rebuilding and growth, and the establishment of Africa as a significant player in geopolitical affairs.

[citation needed] Two months later, Vusi Maviembela, an advisor to Mbeki, wrote that the African Renaissance was the "third moment" in post-colonial Africa, following decolonization and the spread of democracy across the continent in the early 1990s.

[4] In March 1998, United States President Bill Clinton visited Botswana, Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda in a 12-day tour, which he proclaimed as the "beginning of a new African renaissance" following apartheid, colonialism, and the Cold War.

While Clinton praised the continent's increase in democratically elected governments, news outlets countered that many African leaders operated in one-party states.

[6] By August 2000, the United States' National Intelligence Estimate argued that the movement had failed due to democratic backsliding, corruption, and disease outbreaks.

[9] Its initial focuses were on the development of African human resources, science and technology, agriculture, nutrition and health, culture, business, peace, and good governance.