Moctar and his band worked on Afrique Victime while he was touring for his 2019 album Ilana: The Creator, recording in studios and other places.

Other than desert-like textures, the songs have group harmonies, repeated riffs, and some incorporation from Jimi Hendrix's music.

[4] The album also gained international recognition, with multiple music publications placing it in their end-of-year lists.

[10] Moctar told Reverb he is reluctant to spend excessive time in a studio so the band recorded the album in intervals over a few weeks.

[17] In homage to Moctar's first albums, which listeners shared on phones using Bluetooth, he released a collector's-edition Nokia 6120 classic handset with Afrique Victime loaded on it.

[18][19] Following the release, Moctar announced a 2022 tour, performing in the United States, Canada, England, Germany, France, Sweden, and other countries.

[1] Moctar talks about political violence in his home country Niger, and problems and murder caused by motorcycle gangs.

[2] Moctar stated: Afrique Victime is a message to all of the countries with money and power who come into Africa and kill the leaders who try to empower the people and lead revolutions.

[28][29] In an interview with the lifestyle magazine Dazed, Moctar said: "The US can kill people from the sky now, but pilots can’t eliminate 4,000 terrorists living in our desert?

[33] Moctar's left-handed guitar style, with hammer-ons from his right hand, and energetic riffs are also present on the album.

[34] The song starts with the sound of a rooster crowing, footsteps walking over crunchy land, and a psychedelic guitar melody.

Moctar stated: "'Taliat' means woman, in our community, women are queens, they have a lot of power, that['s] why I use the term 'taliat' to talk about them.

"[41][42][43] The music video is a one-shot of band members Mdou Moctar, Mike Coltun, and Ahmoudou Madassane listening to the song in a car.

[44] Music magazine No Depression named it "a song of lost love" in which "Moctar’s sweeping, wah pedal-enhanced runs could break away from the rhythm section like a competitive horse race".

[31][47] The track "Tala Tannam" ("Your Tears")[48] features a guitar, percussion, gang vocals, and group harmonies.

[11][55] "Afrique Victime", which starts with 20 seconds of silence and Moctar playing guitar,[56] The song is about Niger's colonialism by the French.

The deluxe edition includes "Nakanegh Dich", which was recorded with Rob Schnapf in Los Angeles, California, United States, and was cut from the final version of the original album.

The songs include a remixed version of Taliat by Rey Sapienz and MC Dougis, and multiple reworkings of Chismiten.

[37] The British magazine Our Culture Mag said on the album, there is a "palpable sense of urgency and aliveness" to Moctar's music that does not just "speak to the people" but "resonates far beyond".

[73] British rock website Melody Maker said on the album that Moctar's "acoustic fingerpicking" and "gentle voice" are deceptive.

[56] Several media outlets added it to their end-of-year best-album lists, including The New York Times,[75] Pitchfork,[76] The Guardian,[77] Rolling Stone,[78] and Consequence.