Agaricus bitorquis

The specific epithet bitorquis is Latin "having two collars", and refers to the two rings resulting from detachment of the veil from both the top and bottom of the stipe.

The species was first defined by the French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1884, in the form of Psalliota bitorquis (using another genus name in place of the modern Agaricus).

[16] Furthermore, high temperature-resistant strains have recently been developed which may help cultivators overcome problems associated with cooling production rooms during hot summer months.

As with all specimens picked from the wild, care should be taken to consider the suitability of the collection site, as this species can bioaccumulate toxic heavy metals, especially lead, from polluted areas.

[20] Nutritional analysis has shown this species to contain 18 amino acids, including all of the essential ones.

Specimen showing the ring structure
Agaricus bitorquis mushroom emerging through asphalt concrete in summer