Amphicyon agnotus Pomel, 1853 Agnocyon pomeli Kaup, 1861 Agnotherium is a genus of large sized carnivoran mammals, belonging to the Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs"), which has been found in Western Europe, and possibly China and Northern Africa, and lived during the Late Miocene epoch.

[1] The genus Agnotherium was created by Johann Jakob von Kaup, based on a single molar (HLMD Din 1143) found in the Eppelsheim Formation, more well known as Dinotheriensande, located in southwestern Germany.

Kaup, who described many Eppelsheim mammals, including such famous ones as Deinotherium, Machairodus and Chalicotherium, named the fragmentary material Agnotherium antiquum.

This find served to clarify the understanding of this obscure genus, and even allowed for a reconstruction, the first of its kind, to be made and displayed in the Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz.

[1] Several remains from Africa, including Kenya[13] and Morocco,[14] have been attributed to Agnotherium, as species A. kiptalami, in the past, but have since been moved to the genus Myacyon.

[1] The locality of Charmoille, located in the canton of Jura, Switzerland, belong to the Ajoie member of the Bois de Raube formation, and dates to 10.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

[10] Agnotherium belongs to the subfamily Thaumastocyoninae, originally erected by Hürzeler (1940), which is defined by the complete suppression of m1 metaconid, reduction of the premolars, except the p4, which is reinforced, and the oblique abrasion of the teeth, and possesses hypercarnivorous tendencies.

[1] Despite only fragmentary remains being known, it is possible to reconstruct parts of Agnotherium's ontogeny thanks to the mandible of a subadult (about 2 or 3 years of age) found at Eppelsheim.

[23] Here Agnotherium existed alongside two more large predators: the lionsized sabertooth cat Machairodus aphanistus and the even larger beardog Amphicyon eppelsheimensis.

Smaller carnivorans from the locality include the leopard-sized machairodontine Promegantereon and red panda relative Simocyon,[25] and the civet like hyaena Ictitherium.

The slightly older locality of Charmoille also represents a subtropical woodland associated with the presence of water, and the fauna shares many taxa with Eppelsheim (such as Agnotherium, Machairodus, Hippotherium, Deinotherium, Dorcatherium and Euprox).

[27] The presence of crocodiles such as Euthecodon at Bled Douarah showcases that what is now Sahara was once covered by extensive river systems, while fossilized wood possibly indicates a tropical woodland.

[28] Alongside Agnotherium/Myacyon, the fauna once again included Machairodus, as well as the hyaenas Percrocuta, Protictitherium and Lycyaena, the barbourofelid Vampyrictis, the primitive giraffe Palaeotragus, the anthracothere Libycosaurus and possibly the proboscidean Choerolophodon.