Its 103 members are elected in 57 districts by single non-transferable vote (SNTV) to four-year terms.

The assembly is responsible for enacting and amending prefectural ordinances, voting on important administrative appointments made by the governor including the vice-governors and approving the budget – Aichi has been in recent years the only prefecture besides Tokyo with a "fiscal strength index" (zaiseiryoku shisū) above 1, i.e. it is able to cover its calculated expenses with its own revenues.

The last elections were held in the unified local elections in April 2011: the Liberal Democratic Party remained strongest party with 49 seats but fell short of a majority without independents, former Democrat and Nagoya City mayor Takashi Kawamura's Genzei Nippon ("Tax cuts Japan") and former Liberal Democrat and Aichi governor Hideaki Ōmura's Nippon-ichi Aichi no Kai ("Aichi First in Japan Association") together won 18 seats.

The Democratic Party was reduced to 26 seats – down from 38 in 2007 – in one of its few (relative) strongholds in local politics.

20 districts are two-member districts where usually – depending on nomination strategy and local strength of third parties – an even seat split between the major two parties is likely (in the absence of third parties and assuming realistic nomination strategies, winning both seats would require at least a two-thirds majority of votes).