[6] In the Early Helladic period (beginning around 3100 BCE), settlements appear to become more permanent, being used over multiple chronological phases, and to be involved in more intense contacts between each other, particularly maritime exchange.

[6] While there is a great deal of evidence for social and cultural continuity at Aigeira between the Final Neolithic and Early Helladic, particularly as concerns patterns of food production and consumption, there are also signs of technological development, particularly in higher-temperature ceramic production, the use of flax or double fibres in textiles, and possibly the addition of arsenic to copper in metallurgy.

[6] The acropolis was re-occupied in the Middle Helladic period: little evidence of this phase survives, though what does exist points to new cultural connections with the western Peloponnese.

[15] Of particular note in this phase is the substantial fortification wall constructed on the eastern side of the new settlement – the only such structure known from this period on the Greek mainland, and one of only two contemporary examples known in the Aegean (alongside Naxos).

[17] The distributions of finds of pottery, particularly pithoi, led excavators to conclude that this was a settlement composed of households, characterised by the storage and production of goods as well as feasting.

[20] Occupation began again in the second half of the 8th century BCE, likely associated with the sanctuary at the site, and included areas of the 'lower town' previously occupied in LH IIIC.

[29] Perhaps in commemoration of this, the coins of Aigeira began to use the symbol of a goat, previously used in the coinage of Aigai, and continued to do so throughout the Classical and Hellenistic periods.

Throughout the Hellenistic period, the area of the theatre became the central point for public building, and further structures, including a temple dedicated to the goddess Tyche, were added.

[30] In the early stages of the war, in 219 BCE,[30] the city was attacked and temporarily occupied by Aetolian forces, who had set sail from the opposite town of Oeantheia in Locris.

[36] Aigeira continued to be occupied throughout the Roman period, and new structures were built into Late Antiquity, sometimes re-using spolia from older buildings.

[21] In the 3rd century CE, a massive seismic uplift left the harbour structures approximately four metres above sea level, rendering the port unusable;[35] this event may be connected with a third-century earthquake which destroyed the city itself.

[35] Aigeira underwent a period of decline in the 4th and 5th century CE, with an apparent fall in population and the conversion of many formerly public buildings and temples into workshops.

[30] The acropolis continued to be occupied until at least the 12th century, as attested by finds of coins and pottery; a new conduit for water was built at some point during this period.

[37] Some time in the medieval period, the site was re-fortified with a perimeter wall incorporating many ancient spolia, which likely dates to approximately the 11th-12th centuries.

In the late 19th century, the Greek archaeologist Valerios Stais uncovered an inscription bearing part of Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices, issued in 301 CE, though he did not record either the precise circumstances or the location of the finds.

[39] During his survey of the Peloponnese in 1836, William Martin Leake discovered the remains of the harbour at a small cove then known as Mavra Litharia, but they attracted little archaeological attention until the 1990s.

Several further naiskoi were discovered near the theatre, including one with a pebble floor mosaic representing an eagle with a serpent, as well as the Tycheion (sanctuary of Tyche) described by Pausanias.

[41] Excavations between 1990 and 1997, under Anton Bammer, focused on a survey of the urban area and investigated, inter alia, the water supply and public spaces of the city.