Ain El Remmaneh

On April 13, 1975, it witnessed the serious church shooting and Bus Massacre, between the local Christian Kataeb party and the Arab Liberation Front militants and Palestinians, which sparked the 15-year-long civil war.

[6] During the Civil War, it became a war-torn neighbourhood[7][8][9] and an important stronghold of the Christian militias, like the Lebanese Forces,[10] Kataeb, Ahrar,[11] Herras, etc., and witnessed violent battles, either with the Muslims across the Green Line with Chyah of the "West Beirut" on its border, the Syrian Forces, Palestinians and even inter-Christian conflicts,[12][13] and was known for its endurance, thus became known as the "fortress of resistance" (قلعة الصمود).

[14] In February 1990 General Aoun launched an unsuccessful campaign to dislodge Samir Geagea’s Lebanese Forces (LF) from East Beirut.

[15] On April 13, 1975, a bus passing through Ain Al-Remmaneh, transporting Arab Liberation Front guerilla fighters and Palestinians returning from a festival, heading to their camp in Tel al-Zaatar, was gunned down by militiamen of the Kataeb party, killing all the 27 passengers except the driver, which marked the start of the Lebanese Civil War.

[8][9][16] The incident happened just hours after 4 Christians were killed outside a nearby church[8] during a child's baptism in Ain El-Remmaneh in an assassination attempt of the Phalangist (Kataeb) leader Pierre Gemayel.