The Neustadt (Aisch)–Demantsforth-Uehlfeld railway (also known locally as the Aischtalbahn, not to be confused with the Aischgrundbahn) was a branch line in southern Germany that links the market town of Uehlfeld in the Bavarian province of Middle Franconia with Neustadt an der Aisch on the Nuremberg–Würzburg main line.

The Royal Bavarian State Railways began operations on this single-tracked, standard gauge Lokalbahn through the Aischgrund on 12 July 1904.

Leaving Neustadt (Aisch) station the line runs in a northeasterly direction first to the minor station at Neustadt (Aisch) Stadt (km 1.5) and then the along the river as far as the Uehlfeld district of Demantsforth, where the terminus was built, about two kilometres from the centre of Uehlfeld.

An extension of the railway down the valley to Höchstadt an der Aisch, which would have proved a through connexion to Forchheim, did not come to fruition.

After the Second World War an even better service was provided on the line: in 1950 there were six pairs of trains during the week, as many as seven on Saturdays and four on Sundays.