[2] The obas ruled over a centralized and hierarchical system of government, with a large bureaucracy and a complex network of chiefs, nobles, and officials.
[3] He also initiated a golden age of art and culture in Benin, as he commissioned many bronze sculptures, ivory carvings, and coral beads that depicted the history and achievements of the obas and their courtiers.
The Kingdom of Benin also had to deal with the increasing presence and influence of European traders, missionaries, and explorers along its coast.
[5] The trade was mutually beneficial, but it also had some negative effects, such as the depletion of Benin's resources, the disruption of its social order, and the introduction of new diseases.
Akengbuda grew up in the royal palace, where he received a privileged education and training in the arts of war and governance.
He was exposed to the works of art and literature that adorned the palace walls and halls, and he developed a keen interest and appreciation for them.
[2] He accompanied his father on several military campaigns and diplomatic missions, where he gained experience and reputation as a brave and capable leader.
[7] He moved into the royal palace, where he presided over a large and elaborate court that consisted of his wives, children, relatives, chiefs, nobles, officials, priests, warriors, artists, and servants.
He expanded the territory and influence of Benin by conquering or subjugating several neighboring kingdoms and peoples, such as the Igala, the Idah, the Esan, the Ishan, the Ika, the Urhobo, the Isoko, the Itsekiri, and the Ijaw.
He also strengthened the authority and prestige of the oba by enforcing strict laws and regulations that ensured order and justice in his realm.
[8] He maintained a close relationship with his chiefs, nobles, priests, and elders, who advised him on various matters and represented him in different regions or domains.
[11] Akengbuda also promoted the arts and culture of Benin by patronizing various artists and scholars who produced works that celebrated his reign and achievements.
[16] He is credited with expanding and consolidating Benin's territory and power, improving its administration and governance, and promoting its arts and culture.