Al-Qa'qa ibn Amr

Al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mālik Al-Tamīmī (Arabic: القعقاع بن عمرو بن مالك التميمي الراعي) was an Arab Muslim commander and general in the Rashidun army who belonged to the tribe of Banu Tamim.

But, for a brief period, he and other Tamim joined the force of the false prophetess Sajah bint al-Harith before she was subdued during the Ridda wars.

Later on he carried on a successful military campaign under Khalid bin Walid, suppressing another false prophet, Tulayha, in the Battle of Buzakha.

[6] Later, as incensed Christian Arabs of this area sought revenge for their leader Aqqa who fell in the Battle of Al-Anbar,[7][8] they contacted the Persian commander named Bahman who in turn divided the Persian-Arab forces into two field armies and sent them off from Ctesiphon.

[7][8][10][9] Later, Khalid [7][8] made a detour to return to his main headquarters to rendezvous with Qa'qa' and Abu Laila, further chasing the Persians and their Arab allies towards Muzayyah.

[7] In the famous battle of Yarmouk under Khalid, Qa'qa' served as Khalid's subordinate officer in the mobile guard elite cavalry, subsequently taking part as 'Fire Brigade' role, plugging all weak points or reinforcing the routed line within the Muslim ranks.

The situation became dire for the Muslims later on that day, despite having already annihilated the elephant corps, because the Sassanids fought even more ferociously, resulting in al-Qa'qa's fellow kinsmen, Khalid bin Yamar al-Tamimi, being killed during the night.

[11] During the Battle of Jalula Mihran engaged his troops in an open battlefield, and Hashim ibn Utbah decided to carry out his maneuver.

The bridge was not heavily guarded as virtually all the Persian troops available were used to assault Muslim army's main rank.

Hashim launched a frontal attack with Muslim infantry while Qa'qa' struck at the Persian rear with his cavalry.

In 638, Emesa was laid in siege by the coalition forces of Arab Christian tribes from Jazira which mustered by Heraclius in an attempt to stymie the losses of Byzantine territories due to rapid expansion of the Rashidun caliphate in the Levant.

[12] During the uprising against the rule of Caliph Uthman, Qa'qa' quickly suppressed the rebellious potential brought by Yazid bin Qays al-Arhabi.

He even tried to mediate the factions of caliph Ali and Aisha to ensuing peaceful negotiation, although his attempts were fruitless and the Battle of the Camel occurred anyway.

[13] After the civil war was ended he was dismissed by Caliph Muawiyah I together with other Ali supporters from Kufa and exiled to Jerusalem.