Aleksei Barkalov (Ukrainian: Олексій Степанович Баркалов, Russian: Алексей Степанович Баркалов; 18 February 1946 – 9 September 2004) was a Ukrainian water polo player who competed in the 1968, 1972, 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics and won two gold and one silver medals for the Soviet Union team.

During his career, he played 412 games for the national team, more than any other athlete in the water polo history.

Before choosing water polo, he played basketball for the Kharkiv city team, as well as football.

[1][2] Barkalov married Lyudmila Khazieva, a competitive swimmer who won a European bronze medal in 1966.

[4] This loss deeply affected Barkalov, and he died three years later due to a heart attack.