Later in his life, he would participate in the coronation ceremony of Peter I and Ivan V. Sophia Alekseyevna was very fond of Shein and granted him the title of a boyar.

During the Second Azov campaign in 1696, Shein was the commander-in-chief of the Russian land forces and was granted the title of Generalissimus by Peter I for his military achievements.

Upon his departure on the Grand Embassy mission (Великое посольство, or Velikoye posolstvo), Peter I appointed Shein commander-in-chief of the Russian Army and director of the Gunnery, Reiter and Foreign Affairs Departments.

Upon Peter's return, however, Shein fell into his disgrace for not having disclosed Streltsys’ ties with Sophia and, therefore, lost his boyar beard.

Stefan Yavorsky (later archbishop of Ryazan) performed the funeral oration for Shein, it attracted the attention of Peter the Great.