Its main cities are Évora, Elvas, Portalegre, Beja, Moura, Serpa, and Sines.

Some migration into the Alentejo is from Northern Europeans looking to escape their overcrowded regions, though not always permanently, just for sunny holiday retreats.

[5] People from China, Brazil, and mostly from (South-)Eastern Europe add to curbing population decline.

[6] In 2018, the Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 13.1 billion euros, accounting for 6.4% of Portugal's economic output.

GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 21,700 euros or 72% of the EU27 average in the same year.