[6] De Minaur reached a career-high ranking of 2 on the juniors circuit and won the 2016 Australian Open boys' doubles title alongside Blake Ellis.

[21] De Minaur commenced 2017 at the Brisbane International, where he defeated Mikhail Kukushkin and Frances Tiafoe in qualifying to reach his first ATP Tour main draw.

[30] De Minaur is the lowest ranked player and the youngest to reach the semifinals of the men's draw in the Brisbane International's 10-year history.

[31] De Minaur received a special exempt spot in the main draw of the Sydney event, where he consecutively eliminated Fernando Verdasco, Damir Džumhur and Feliciano López to reach his second ATP Tour semifinal; he reached this milestone just one week after having played in his first tour semifinal in Brisbane.

[37] Following this, he made two consecutive Challenger finals, losing to Jérémy Chardy at Surbiton, before defeating Dan Evans in straight sets to claim his first Challenger-level title at the Nottingham Open.

[27] At the US Open, de Minaur defeated Taro Daniel and Frances Tiafoe before losing to seventh seed Marin Čilić in five sets.

[44] At the Sydney International, straight-set victories over Dušan Lajović, Reilly Opelka, Jordan Thompson and Gilles Simon saw him return to the finals.

[49] De Minaur made his fourth ATP Final in Atlanta where he defeated Taylor Fritz to clinch the trophy.

[51][52] At the US Open, de Minaur defeated Kei Nishikori in third round, earning his first career win over a top 10-ranked opponent.

[54] In September, de Minaur claimed his third ATP title beating Frenchman Adrian Mannarino in two sets in the final of the Zhuhai Championships.

[55] At the Swiss Indoors, De Minaur reached the final of an ATP 500 event for the second time in his career, losing to Roger Federer.

[62] However, in doubles, he and Nick Kyrgios won a three-set thriller over Jamie Murray and Joe Salisbury to send Australia to the semifinals.

[74] He played his final tournament of the season at the Sofia Open, where he was defeated in the quarterfinals by the eventual champion Jannik Sinner.

[90] In the week before Wimbledon, he won his first title on grass and fifth in his career at the Eastbourne International defeating Lorenzo Sonego in the final.

[99] Seeded fourth at the Moselle Open, De Minaur's woes continued as he was defeated in the second round by Marcos Giron.

[102] Seeded sixth and last year finalist at the European Open, he fell in the first round to American qualifier Brandon Nakashima.

[125] He won his sixth title at the 2022 Atlanta Open defeating James Duckworth, Adrian Mannarino, Ilya Ivashka and Jenson Brooksby in the final.

De Minaur lost in the fourth round of the Australian Open to eventual champion Novak Djokovic, in straight sets winning only five games.

[134] In March, De Minaur won his seventh overall and first ATP 500 title at the Mexican Open, defeating Tommy Paul.

[142] De Minaur received a walkover from Jannik Sinner in the round of 16, sending him into his second Masters 1000 quarterfinal of his career (both appearances came this year).

10, Taylor Fritz, in his first match of the year, to help Team Australia advance to the quarterfinals of the round-robin tournament, after they edged out the USA and Great Britain in game-winning percentage.

In the fourth round, de Minaur beat Daniil Medvedev in four sets to become the first Australian man to reach the quarterfinals of the French Open since Lleyton Hewitt in 2004.

At the Rosmalen Open, De Minaur won his ninth ATP Tour singles title against Sebastian Korda in straight sets to start off the grass court season, becoming the first Australian to win the championship match since 2001.

[163] De Minaur made his ATP Tour Finals debut in Turin, becoming the first Australian man to do it in singles since Lleyton Hewitt in 2004.

[164] De Minaur started his 2025 season representing Australia at the United Cup, defeating Tomás Martín Etcheverry of Argentina and Billy Harris of Great Britian.

[170] He is known for his ability to retrieve seemingly impossible balls and hit winners from defensive positions or force opponents into making mistakes.

Despite this, his fighting spirit, "never say die" attitude and intensity on the court have earned him a huge fan base for a young player.

Some have argued his defensive game is unsustainable physically in the long-term and is not sufficient to challenge better players, as he tends to play himself out of aggressive positions.

In early February 2018, De Minaur made his Davis Cup debut for Australia at 18 years of age, against then world No.5 Alexander Zverev from Germany in the opening rubber.

[176] De Minaur was selected to represent Australia at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics (to be held in July 2021), but was forced to withdraw after testing positive for Covid-19.