Shevchenko made his ATP debut at the 2022 Generali Open Kitzbühel as a lucky loser where he lost to Dominic Thiem.

In March, he reached his second Challenger final of the season as a qualifier in Phoenix, Arizona defeating Gaël Monfils, sixth seed Marc-Andrea Hüsler, top seed Matteo Berrettini and Quentin Halys[8] before losing to Nuno Borges in the final.

[11] He entered the next Masters 1000, the Italian Open on his debut, as a lucky loser directly into the second round of the main draw replacing 29th seed Tallon Griekspoor after his late withdrawal.

He made his Grand Slam debut at the 2023 French Open and defeated Oscar Otte for the first major win in his career.

At the Swiss Indoors, he reached the quarterfinals as a qualifier, defeating home favorite Stan Wawrinka, and then fifth seed Taylor Fritz, his biggest and first top 10 win, saving 15 break and two match points in a close to 3 hours match with three tiebreaks.

[5] At the next indoors tournament in Metz he reached his first ATP semifinal, defeating top 15 player, third seed and compatriot Karen Khachanov, his second top-20 career win and of the season.

[15][16] He reached his first final defeating wildcard Pierre-Hugues Herbert and became the youngest Metz finalist since Lucas Pouille aged 22, in 2016.

[5] In January 2024, Shevchenko changed his citizenship from that of his home country of Russia to Kazakhstan effective starting at the tournament in Montpellier.