1986-1987 — Head of the Laboratory of the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

From December 25, 1993 to January 20, 1994 — Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers — Government of the Russian Federation.

[11][12] In 1995, he took an active part in the creation of the VOPD «Our Home – Russia», was deputy chairman of the Political Council of the NDR.

Since December 1999 — Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the third convocation in the Tushinsky electoral district of Moscow as an independent candidate, member of the People's Deputy group, Chairman of the Committee on Credit Organizations and Financial Markets, member of the Commission on Restructuring, Insolvency (Bankruptcy) and Liquidation of Credit Organizations, member of the Commission on Public Debt and Foreign Assets of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Interdepartmental Commission of the Security Council of Russia on Economic Security, head of the parliamentary delegations to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Russia.

He was a member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation before being elected in 2009 to the Presidium of the General Council of the United Russia.

On February 6, 2012 he was officially registered as a proxy for the presidential candidate of the Russian Federation, at that time the current Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin.

[17] In September 2016 he became a trusted representative of the United Russia Party in 2016 Russian legislative election.

In 2023 he joined the initiative group to nominate Vladimir Putin as a candidate for the 2024 Russian presidential election.

Son Dmitry is married to actress Alice Khazanova, daughter of Russian artist Gennady Khazanov.