Alexei Georgievich Arbatov (Russian: Алексей Георгиевич Арбатов, born January 17, 1951) is a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Head of the Center for International Security at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), and a scholar in residence at the Carnegie Moscow Center.

He defended his graduate dissertation in 1976 and earned a Candidate of Sciences, or "Kandidat," degree—the Russian education system's equivalent of a PhD.

Most of Arbatov's academic and scientific work has spanned strategic, political, and military-economic aspects of international security, foreign policy and defense, and arms limitation and reduction.

Arbatov has participated in many joint research projects with foreign experts on issues of strategic offensive and defensive weapons and compliance with international treaties on arms control.

As a member of the State Duma's Defense Committee, Arbatov frequently traveled to these regions to assess the situations.

During one such visit in 2001, Arbatov was traveling through Chechnya with Evgeny Zelenov, another State Duma member, when their Mi-8 helicopter came under a heavy machinegun fire ambush.

Outside of his career in the State Duma, Arbatov served as vice chairman of the Russian United Democratic Party (Yabloko)--social liberal political party—from 2001 to 2008.